VARDA
Jean (Yanko) Varda, Willard Gallery
Jean (Yanko) Varda: VARDA. New York: Willard Gallery, [1941]. Original edition. Rough-textured sheet screenprinted in purple and folded as issued. Artwork, list of 14 displayed mosaics and collages. A fine copy. Rare.
9 x 12 folded exhibition announcement for the exhibition from May 5 – May 24, 1941. List of 11 mosaics and 14 collages.
Jean (Yanko) Varda (1893 – 1971) was an artist of mixed Greek and French descent best known for his collage work. At 19, Varda moved to Paris where he met Picasso and Braque and lost all interest in the academic style of painting he had been pursuing until that time. He moved to London during World War I, became a ballet dancer, and began to make friendships with members of the avant garde in London.
By 1922 Varda was back in Paris and had returned to painting. Beginning in 1923 Varda spent most of his summers in Cassis, in the south of France, sharing Roland Penrose's home Villa Les Mimosas, where they welcomed a number of well-known people to his homes including, in addition to Braque and Miró, Derain, Max Ernst, Roger Fry, Clive Bell, Duncan Grant, Gerald Brenan, Wolfgang Paalen and others. By the mid-1920s he was spending most of his winters in London.
During the 1930s Varda developed a type of mosaic that involved the use of pieces of broken mirrors. He would scratch the backs of the pieces of mirror, then paint bright colors in the scratches so the paint showed through to the front of the mirror. He would then glue the pieces of mirror to a board, which he had prepared with a gritty gesso mixture.
Varda exhibited his work in London and Paris before leaving for New York in 1939, where his work was exhibited at the Neumann-Willard Gallery. In 1940 he moved to Anderson Creek, in Big Sur, California, and after that to Monterey, about 40 miles north of Big Sur. In late 1943 he persuaded the writer Henry Miller to move to Big Sur. In 1947 Miller wrote an admiring profile of Varda called Varda the Master Builder, which was published by Circle Magazine, an avant garde art and literary magazine produced in Berkeley by George Leite. During the war years Varda’s house in Monterey became a virtual salon for artists, writers and other creative people. Through Henry Miller Varda met the writer Anaïs Nin. Varda and Nin became close friends and Nin would write about Varda frequently. In addition, her novel "Collages" includes a slightly fictionalized profile of Varda.
By 1943 Varda was shifting over to collages from his earlier mosaic/mirror pictures. The collage, which would typically combine scraps of cloth and bits of paper with paint on a board, would remain his favored medium for the rest of his life.
In 1946 Varda taught in the art department at a Summer Institute at Black Mountain College, an experimental school in rural North Carolina. During the late 1940s and early 1950s Varda taught at the California School of Fine Arts (now the San Francisco Art Institute).
In approximately 1948 Varda and British-born artist Gordon Onslow Ford acquired an old ferryboat, called the Vallejo. They permanently moored the Vallejo in Sausalito, just across the Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco, and remodeled it into a studio for Onslow-Ford and a studio and living quarters for Varda, using materials scavenged from a closed-down wartime shipbuilding operation. The writer and Zen Buddhist popularizer Alan Watts took over Onslow-Ford’s space on the ferryboat in 1961.
Varda turned the Vallejo into a kind of salon - he was an excellent cook, and would regale guests with stories at dinners. His costume parties were famous. On Sunday afternoons he would take friends out on one of his homemade sailboats. Throughout his life he continued to create collages.
In 1967 he was the subject of a short documentary film by the filmmaker Agnès Varda, entitled "Uncle Yanco." Agnes Varda referred to Varda as Uncle in the film because of the difference in their ages, but in fact she was Varda's much younger first cousin. She was the daughter of Jean L. Varda, who was a brother of Varda's father, Michel. Varda died after suffering a heart attack upon arriving by plane in Mexico City, where he had gone to visit Alice Rahon. [Wikipedia]
The Neumann-Willard Gallery opened in 1936 by Marian Willard and originally was called the East River Gallery. Its name was changed to the Neumann-Willard Gallery in 1938 when JB Neumann partnered with Willard for a couple of years. In 1945 the gallery was again renamed to the Willard Gallery.
Although the name of the gallery has changed many times, the type of art exhibited as remained the same. Marian Willard was the woman behind selecting all of the artists to exhibit in her gallery. She was innovator of her time. Willard wanted to show new American and European art. Most of all, Willard was known for her very talented eye and her resistance to prevailing artistic inclinations. During the times of artistic criticism and disposition for conservatism in art in America, she fought for the acceptance of many new modern artists. In starting her own gallery, she wanted to not only provide a locale for the repressed minority of artists to display their work, but also give those artists a safe place for nurture and growth, ideas that she truly subscribed to.